Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment and Sewage Packaged Plants batch reactors The new no-odor composting toilets Not your Grandmothers Composting Toilets Affordable


	Advanced Biological Waste Water Treatment and Sewage
	Leading the way to the future, today! We manage four basic Programs or Divisions: Click on any link to learn more. 1. Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment and Sewage 2. High Purity Distilled Water, Water Recovery and Treatments 3. Alternative Energies, Solar, Propane and Electric Energy Generation 4. Custom Designed Traditional to Modern Pacific Islander Buildings

	Advanced Waste Water Treatment
	A brief discussion of the different types of waste treatment to help you narrow your choices. Package Plants and Batch Reactors for communities. In order to use less space, treat difficult waste, deal with intermittent flow or achieve higher environmental standards, a number of designs of hybrid treatment plants have been produced. Such plants often combine all or at least two stages of the three main treatment stages into one combined stage. In the UK, where a large number of sewage treatment plants serve small populations, package plants are a viable alternative to building discrete structures for each process stage. The most advanced packaged treatment plant according to a study done by the University of California at Davis for the California State Water Resources Control Board for treating waste and nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) in one step economically is the USBF (Upflow Sludge Blanket Filter). The USBF process is a modification of the conventional activated sludge process that incorporates an anoxic selector zone and an upflow sludge blanket filtration clarifier all in one integrated bioreactor vessel. The treatment includes efficient reduction of BOD5 and TSS but also biological nutrient removal (BNR) by the processes of denitrification and "biological luxury uptake". The ensuing compact, modular system takes up less space and contains very few moving parts. The result is an efficient, highly affordable wastewater treatment plant with low maintenance and operating costs. USBF technology has no inherent capacity limits and is used in a wide range of applications from subdivisions, resorts and municipalities, to agricultural and industrial sites. Plants can be retrofitted and expanded from existing sites reducing capital costs. Since there are no mechanical parts and no chemicals needed, operations cost are much less than sequencing batch reactor and membrane bio reactor systems. Another type of process which combines secondary treatment and settlement is the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Typically, activated sludge is mixed with raw incoming sewage and mixed and aerated. The resultant mixture is then allowed to settle producing a high quality effluent. The settled sludge is run off and re-aerated before a proportion is returned to the head of the works. SBR plants are now being deployed in many parts of the world. The disadvantage of such processes is that precise control of timing, mixing and aeration is required. This precision is usually achieved by computer controls linked to many sensors in the plant. Such a complex, fragile system is unsuited to places where such controls may be unreliable, or poorly maintained, or where the power supply may be intermittent. Package plants may be referred to as high charged or low charged. This refers to the way the biological load is processed. In high charged systems, the biological stage is presented with a high organic load and the combined floc and organic material is then oxygenated for a few hours before being charged again with a new load. In the low charged system the biological stage contains a low organic load and is combined with floculate for a relatively long time.
	Membrane Biological Reactors Membrane Biological Reactors (MBR) combines activated sludge treatment with a membrane liquid-solid separation process. The membrane component utilizes low pressure microfiltration or ultra filtration membranes and eliminates the need for clarifaction and tertiary filtration. The membranes are typically immersed in the aeration tank (however, some applications utilize a separate membrane tank). One of the key benefits of a membrane bioreactor system is that it effectively overcomes the limitations associated with poor settling of sludge in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes. The technology permits bioreactor operation with considerably higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration than CAS systems, which are limited by sludge settling. The process is typically operated at MLSS in the range of 8,000–12,000 mg/L, while CAS are operated in the range of 2,000–3,000 mg/L. The elevated biomass concentration in the membrane bioreactor process allows for very effective removal of both soluble and particulate biodegradable materials at higher loading rates. Thus increased Sludge Retention Times (SRTs)—usually exceeding 15 days—ensure complete nitrification even under extreme cold weather operating conditions. The cost of building and operating a MBR is usually higher than conventional wastewater treatment, however, as the technology has become increasingly popular and has gained wider acceptance throughout the industry, the life-cycle costs have been steadily decreasing. As well, in developed urban areas where the footprint of the treatment plant is considered a limiting factor MBR facilities can be considered a desirable option.
	Waste Removal Wastewater may contain high levels of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. Excessive release to the environment can lead to a build up of nutrients, called eutrophication, which can in turn encourage the overgrowth of weeds, algae, and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). This may cause an algal bloom, a rapid growth in the population of algae. The algae numbers are unsustainable and eventually most of them die. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up so much of oxygen in the water that most or all of the animals die, which creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition to causing deoxygenation, some algal species produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies. Different treatment processes are required to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen Removal The removal of nitrogen is effected through the biological oxidation of nitrogen from ammonia (nitrification) to nitrate, followed by denitrification, the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Nitrogen gas is released to the atmosphere and thus removed from the water. Nitrification itself is a two-step aerobic process, each step facilitated by a different type of bacteria. The oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2−) is most often facilitated by Nitrosomonas spp. (nitroso=ammonium). Nitrite oxidation to nitrate (NO3−), though traditionally believed to be facilitated by Nitrobacter spp. (nitro=nitrite), is now known to be facilitated in the environment almost exclusively by Nitrospira spp. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological communities to form. It is facilitated by a wide diversity of bacteria. Sand filters, lagooning and reed beds can all be used to reduce nitrogen, but the activated sludge process (if designed well) can do the job the most easily. Since denitrification is the reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen gas, an electron donor is needed. This can be, depending on the wastewater, organic matter (from feces), sulfide, or an added donor like methanol. Sometimes the conversion of toxic ammonia to nitrate alone is referred to as tertiary treatment. Phosphorus Removal Phosphorus can be removed biologically in a process called enhanced biological phosphorus removal. In this process, specific bacteria, called polyphosphate accumulating organisms, are selectively enriched and accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells (up to 20% of their mass). When the biomass enriched in these bacteria is separated from the treated water, these biosolids have a high fertilizer value. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical precipitation, usually with salts of iron (e.g. ferric chloride) or aluminum (e.g. alum). The resulting chemical sludge is difficult to handle and the added chemicals can be expensive. Despite this, chemical phosphorus removal requires significantly smaller equipment footprint than biological removal, is easier to operate and can be more reliable in areas that have wastewater compositions that make biological phosphorus removal difficult. Disinfection The purpose of disinfection in the treatment of wastewater is to substantially reduce the number of microorganisms in the water to be discharged back into the environment. The effectiveness of disinfection depends on the quality of the water being treated (e.g., cloudiness, pH, etc.), the type of disinfection being used, the disinfectant dosage (concentration and time), and other environmental variables. Cloudy water will be treated less successfully since solid matter can shield organisms, especially from ultraviolet light or if contact times are low. Generally, short contact times, low doses and high flows all militate against effective disinfection. Common methods of disinfection include ozone, chlorine, or ultraviolet light. Chloramine, which is used for drinking water, is not used in wastewater treatment because of its persistence. Chlorination remains the most common form of wastewater disinfection in North America due to its low cost and long-term history of effectiveness. One disadvantage is that chlorination of residual organic material can generate chlorinated-organic compounds that may be carcinogenic or harmful to the environment. Residual chlorine or chloramines may also be capable of chlorinating organic material in the natural aquatic environment. Further, because residual chlorine is toxic to aquatic species, the treated effluent must also be chemically dechlorinated, adding to the complexity and cost of treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) Light can be used instead of chlorine, iodine, or other chemicals. Because no chemicals are used, the treated water's taste is more natural and pure as compared to other methods. UV radiation causes damage to the genetic structure of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, making them incapable of reproduction. The key disadvantages of UV disinfection are the need for frequent lamp maintenance and replacement and the need for a highly treated effluent to ensure that the target microorganisms are not shielded from the UV radiation (i.e., any solids present in the treated effluent may protect microorganisms from the UV light). In the United Kingdom, light is becoming the most common means of disinfection because of the concerns about the impacts of chlorine in chlorinating residual organics in the wastewater and in chlorinating organics in the receiving water. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada also uses UV light for its water treatment. Ozone O3 is generated by passing oxygen O2 through a high voltage potential resulting in a third oxygen atom becoming attached and forming O3. Ozone is very unstable and reactive and oxidizes most organic material it comes in contact with, thereby destroying many pathogenic microorganisms. Ozone is considered to be safer than chlorine because, unlike chlorine which has to be stored on site (highly poisonous in the event of an accidental release), ozone is generated onsite as needed. Ozonation also produces fewer disinfection by-products than chlorination. A disadvantage of ozone disinfection is the high cost of the ozone generation equipment and the requirements for highly skilled operators.

	The Septic Tank. A septic tank is a large, underground, watertight container, typically about 9 feet long, 4-5 feet wide and 5 feet tall that is connected to the home’s sewer line. While typically designed with a 1,000-gallon liquid capacity, the size of the tank is legally determined by the number of bedrooms in the home. Septic tanks may be rectangular or cylindrical and may be made of concrete, fiberglass or polyethylene. Raw waste water from the bathroom, kitchen and laundry room flows into the tank where the solids separate from the liquid. Light solids, such as soap suds and fat, float to the top and form a scum layer. This layer remains on top and gradually thickens until you have the tank cleaned. The liquid waste goes into the drain field, while the heavier solids settle to the bottom of the tank where they are gradually decomposed by bacteria. But some non-decomposed solids remain, forming a sludge layer that eventually must be pumped out. Septic tanks may have one or two compartments. Two-compartment tanks do a better job of settling solids and are required in some areas for new installations. Tees or baffles at the tank’s inlet pipe slow the incoming wastes and reduce disturbance of the settled sludge. A tee or baffle at the outlet keeps the solids or scum in the tank. All tanks should have accessible covers for checking the condition of the baffles and for pumping both compartments.
	NOT YOUR GRANDMOTHER'S COMPOSTING TOILET





	Waterless Remote Composting Toilet Systems come with an attractive, low profile bathroom toilet that is optionally available in a multitude of beautiful colors, each with a solid oak seat, and comes standard in white. This deluxe toilet is manufactured from durable, easy-to-clean, high gloss HDPE plastic (high density polyethylene plastic) and will provide many years of trouble-free service. Waterless toilets feature a removable bowl for easy cleaning! Another benefit is the increased capacity of the remote waste reduction system, rated for up to ten persons per day (depending on power type) and additional guests from time to time. Features: Reduces and recycles waste into compost Clean, sanitary and odor-free Dual Fans Unique removable bowl design on Waterless Toilet for easy cleaning Installs quickly and easily Lifetime Warranty on body 5-Year Warranty on all internal components Waterless Toilet available in many colors Easy to remove Works-in-a-Drawer Service Module


	Features two fans (others have only one) and an aeration basket. These dual fans, operating in conjunction with natural microbe action, continuously circulate a large volume of air at a high flow rate around a specially shaped aeration basket. The aeration basket lines the inside of the system and maximizes waste surface area for better efficiency. Our breakthrough technology dramatically improves both waste reduction and recycling by increasing aeration, evaporation and microbe activity. This patented design allows for significant reduction of the system size, while still maximizing system performance. This superior system makes operation both convenient and simple, and eliminates the tiresome turning of waste required by some "manual drum" toilets. Clean, Sanitary and Odor-Free! There are no bathroom odors. Our toilet systems feature an easy to clean, sanitary bowl design and trap that easily opens and closes for use. Waterless systems even have a removable bowl for easier cleaning. Aeration basket Operation is Easy When you install your Waterless system, you add aerobic microbes using the included Premix Starter Kit and Compost Accelerator (microbes) and periodically, a small amount of garden peat moss. Optionally, you may add additional natural aerobic microbes to provide maximum performance. Some composting toilets are basically hollow shells. These are truly composting toilet systems.
	Cleaning is minimal, and in fact, less than most flush toilets. Powered units have a switch to control the fans and/or the heating system, and you can introduce the organic products either through the Toilet or through the service port on the Remote System. Standard installation of the Remote treatment module requires a minimum clearance of 33", from the ground to the bottom of the floor. A 30" space is sufficient if the bathroom Toilet is slightly raised. The Toilet can be installed on an upper floor some distance away from the treatment center, using our included Flex Duct for both drain and vent. Available in choice of Non-Electric, 12VDC Battery (Solar optional) and 120VAC Electric.
	Size All Remote Systems: 25" Width x 33" Length/Depth x 28.5" Height Size Waterless Toilet: 16.5" Width x 22.5" Length/Depth x 20.5" Height (Height to toilet seat 15") Drains: All Non-Electric and 12VDC Battery Systems are fitted with special Filter Drain that must gravity feed to a proper drain site. A drain is a recommended accessory for 120VAC models that will experience heavy use or power outages. Venting: It is recommended to keep your vent completely vertical (i.e., straight up). Warranty: Lifetime on the body and 5-Years on all internal components.